the The Necessity of reconsider criminal law provisions in the context of confronting the spreading misleading information phenomenon in cyberspace

(With looking at the relevant criminal laws in Syria, Iran and Singapore)

Abstract

The misleading information spreading phenomenon through cyberspace has been strengthened and become more dangerous and harmful to various interests in our current days due to its association with the technologies, features, and tools of cyberspace, which has given it unique characteristics. This prompted states to intervene through criminal law to confront it, control it, and deal with its consequences as much as possible. Countries have adopted different criminal policies through their laws to confront this phenomenon. The criminal justice system in Singapore compared to its counterparts in Iran and Syria is more effective, because the Singaporean Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act contains criminal provisions that are consistent with most of the characteristics of the mentioned phenomenon. The correction direction, the targeted direction, and the criminalization using of robots in spreading are examples of the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in this country. The main subject of the current article is to clarify the reasons for the need to review the provisions of the Criminal Acts related to misleading information spreading in cyberspace. The objective of this research is to demonstrate the most prominent characteristics of the spread of misleading information in cyberspace and to define the extent to which the provisions of the relevant Criminal Acts in Syria, Iran, and Singapore are compatible with the characteristics and dimensions of this phenomenon.