العلاقة بين قيود نظام الكفالة ومخاطر الاتجار بالبشر لدى العمالة الوافدة في الأردن

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the correlation between the legal and administrative restrictions of the sponsorship system implemented in Jordan and the level of human trafficking risk among migrant workers. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach based on a quantitative methodology. A questionnaire comprising 40 items was administered to an accessible sample of 400 respondents from the domestic, agricultural, construction, and industrial sectors.

The results showed a high level of legal and administrative restrictions (mean = 3.79), corresponding to a high level of human trafficking risk (mean = 3.78). Pearson’s correlation test revealed a powerful, statistically significant, positive correlation between subjection to sponsorship restrictions and the level of trafficking risk. Multiple regression analysis also demonstrated that the recruitment process and social isolation are the strongest drivers of labor exploitation. The study concluded that vulnerability is not an inherent individual trait of the worker, but rather a legal product created by the legislative framework of the sponsorship system. The study recommended decoupling the legal link between residency and the employer, criminalizing the withholding of official documents, and intensifying oversight of the most vulnerable sectors, such as construction and agriculture.

Keywords: Sponsorship System (Kafala), Human Trafficking, Migrant Workers, Jordan.